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Prosodia Rationalis
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Prosodia Rationalis : ウィキペディア英語版
Prosodia Rationalis
''Prosodia Rationalis'' is the short title of the 1779 expanded second edition of Joshua Steele's ''An Essay Towards Establishing the Melody and Measure of Speech, to be Expressed and Perpetuated by Peculiar Symbols'', originally published in 1775.〔Brogan 1981, E393-94. The full title of the second edition combines both: ''Prosodia Rationalis: or, An Essay Towards Establishing the Melody and Measure of Speech, to be Expressed and Perpetuated by Peculiar Symbols''.〕 In this work Steele proposes a notation for linguistic prosody.〔Hatfield, p. 1.〕 The notation is inspired by that used in music. The treatise is notable as one of the earliest works in the subject and its insight that in speech, unlike in most music, pitches slide rather than exhibit distinct tones held for lengths of time.〔Roth 2006〕
==Origin and structure==

In 1774 James Burnett, Lord Monboddo published the second of 6 volumes of his ''On the Origin and Progress of Language'' containing, among much else, a section dealing with "language considered as sound". 〔Omond 1921, pp 70-71.〕 Sir John Pringle (then president of the Royal Society) asked Joshua Steele to respond to some of Monboddo's statements, 〔Omond 1921, pp 86-87.〕 particularly the statement:

That there is no accent, such as the Greek and Latin accents, in any modern language. ... We have accents in English, and syllabic accents too; but there is ''no change of the tone in them''; the voice is only raised more, so as to be ''louder'' upon one syllable than another. ... Now I appeal to them, whether they can perceive any difference of tone betwixt the ''accented'' and ''unaccented'' syllable of any word? And if there be none, then is the ''music of our language'', in this respect, ''nothing better'' than the ''music of a drum'', in which we perceive no difference except that of ''louder'' or ''softer''. 〔Monboddo 1774 pp 276, 298-99; quoted in Steele 1779, pp 2-3.〕

Steele's objection occupies most of the first 2 Parts of ''Prosodia Rationalis''. 〔Omond 1921, pp 87.〕

But as each section of Steele's argument was completed, he sent it off for Lord Monboddo's comments, which were then incorporated along with Steele's replies in subsequent sections of the book: "consequently, ''Prosodia Rationalis'' is, in effect, an extended dialogue between the two men, to which is appended, in the second edition, an additional series of questions from other hands, together with the author's replies." 〔Brogan 1981, E394; in turn incorporating a quotation from Omond.〕


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